Harnessing Leech Therapy for Better Lymphedema Management

Horse leech studied using biomedical engineering techniques to improve lymphedema care

Lymphedema is a chronic condition in which lymphatic fluid builds up to cause swelling in the body. Surgery, radiation therapy, infection or lifelong genetic disorders could cause the lymphatic system to become damaged and result in this condition. Current conventional treatments, including compression garments, manual lymphatic drainage, and exercise are crucial to managing lymphedema but are also considered adjunctive interventions because they address contributing factors from a different angle compared with leech therapy (also referred to as hirudotherapy).

Understanding Lymphedema

Lymph fluid (which contains white blood cells called lymphocytes) can pool in the affected area—causing swelling (edema)—if the lymphatic system cannot adequately drain it, a condition known as lymphedema. It is most often seen in arms or legs but can involve other parts of the body too. It feels unpleasant, and without proper treatment it can develop into complications such as infections and impair movement.

How Leech Therapy Works

For leech therapy, medicinal leeches are applied to the skin near the swollen area. The saliva of these leeches contains bioactive substances (anticoagulants, vasodilators, anti-inflammatory) As they attach and start feeding these substances will get into the blood stream which support better circulation, decrease swelling and they can aid in getting rid of excessive fluid.

Leech Therapy: Beneficial Practices in Lymphedema

Less Swelling: The anti-inflammatory properties of leech saliva may reduce the swelling that can occur with lymphedema which in turn lessens discomfort and swellingiclesmobility.

Increased Lymphatic Drainage: Boosting blood and lymph flow allows leech therapy to help the body with its own process of fluid balance and waste excretion.

Analgesic — still along the lines of pain relief, many patients report decreased pain and discomfort following leech therapy sessions.